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The Nine-tailed Turtle
''The Nine-tailed Turtle'' (, also translated as ''Nine-tailed Turtles'' or ''Nine-times Cuckold'') is a novel by Zhang Chunfan (T: 張春帆, S: 张春帆, Pinyin: ''Zhāng Chūnfān'', Wade-Giles: ''Chang Ch'un-fan'').
It was serialized from 1906 to 1910 and has 192 chapters,〔Wang, Dewei, p. (81 ).〕 making it one of the longest novels produced in China's late Qing Dynasty and the early Republican eras. In those two eras, according to Dewei Wang, author of ''Fin-de-siècle Splendor: Repressed Modernities of Late Qing Fiction, 1849-1911'', it was "phenomenally popular".〔Wang, Dewei, p. (87 ).〕 In the 1920s was one of the most widely read books.〔Starr, p. (xxi ).〕 According to Jean Duval, author of "The Nine-Tailed Turtle: Pornography or 'fiction of exposure," at the time ''The Nine-tailed Turtle'' was published, it was one of the most popular novels written in the Wu dialect.〔Snow, p. (261 ).〕 During the intervening years, according to Duval, it "fell into oblivion".〔 In 1982 Bruce Doar, who wrote a book review of the ''The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century'', stated that the book was "even difficult to obtain in Chinese."〔Doar, p. 201.〕 but by 2007 the book had a continued high circulation with new editions and print runs.〔 This work, as of 1982, is not available in English.〔
==Development==
Wang Tao, a man who knew Zhang Chunfan, said that the novel was based on the author's real life love affair with a courtesan in Shanghai.〔Yeh, p. (381 ). ("Notes to Pages 265-299") - "With regard to Han Qiuhe, the hero of ''The Nine-Tailed Turtle'', Wang Tao, who knew the author Zhang Chunfan, stated that the novel was based on the author's love affair with a Shanghai courtesan. With regard to Zhang Qiugu, in ''The Shadows of Heaven and Earth''" - Note: The book author mistakenly swapped the names of Zhang Qiugu and Han Qiuhe.〕 Mainly due to commercial reasons, Zhang Chunfan found difficulty in ending the story at an opportune time, so he continued the novel until he exhausted his imagination. Dewei Wang argued that this may also be due to Zhang Chunfan's unwillingness to end the book with a standard good ending with the protagonist settling down to raise a family.〔
Robert E. Hegel, author of a book review of ''The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century'', wrote that Jean Duval's description of ''The Nine-tailed Turtle'' "makes the novel seem indebted to ''Haoqiu zhuan'' 好逑傳 and perhaps other works of the earlier ''caizi jiaren'' romantic tradition".〔Hegel, p. 91.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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